Consistent with the function as an assembly factor, PQL3 accumulated independently in other NDH mutants, such as pnsl1-3. Furthermore, PQL3 accumulated in young leaves in a manner similar to the accumulation of CRR3, an assembly factor for SubB. These results suggest that PQL3 has developed a distinct function as an assembly factor for the NDH complex during evolution of the PsbQ protein family in angiosperms. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.The complex interplay between form and function forms the basis for generating and maintaining organismal diversity. Fishes that rely on suction-feeding for prey capture exhibit remarkable phenotypic and trophic diversity. Yet the relationships between fish phenotypes and feeding performance on different prey types are unclear, partly because the morphological, biomechanical, and hydrodynamic mechanisms that underlie suction-feeding are complex. Here we demonstrate a general framework to investigate the mapping of multiple phenotypic traits to performance by mapping kinematic variables to suction-feeding capacity. Using a mechanistic model of suction-feeding that is based on core physical principles, we predict prey capture performance across a broad range of phenotypic trait values, for three general prey types mollusk-like prey, copepod-like prey, and fish-like prey. Mollusk-like prey attach to surfaces, copepod-like prey attempt to escape upon detecting the hydrodynamic disturbance produced by the predatoracroevolutionary fitness landscapes. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology. All rights reserved. For permissions please email journals.permissions@oup.com.As sessile organisms, plants face versatile environmental challenges and require proper responses at multiple levels for survival. Epigenetic modification of DNA and histones is a conserved gene regulatory mechanism and plays critical roles in diverse aspects of biological processes, ranging from genome defense and imprinting to development and physiology. In recent years, emerging studies have revealed the interplay between signaling transduction pathways, epigenetic modifications, and chromatin cascades. Specifically, histone acetylation and deacetylation dictate plant responses to environmental cues by modulating chromatin dynamics to regulate downstream gene expression as signaling outputs. In this review, we summarize current understandings of the link between plant signaling pathways and epigenetic modifications with a focus on histone acetylation and deacetylation. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.BACKGROUND Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) signaling plays a proinflammatory role in different organs such as the brain and liver, but its role in intestinal inflammation including Crohn's Disease (CD) remains unknown. METHODS The characteristics of Mincle signaling expression in CD patients and experimental colitis were examined. The functional role of Mincle signaling in the intestine was addressed in experimental colitis models in vivo by using Mincle knock out (Mincle-/-) mice. In addition, neutralising anti-Mincle antibody, downstream spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitor and Mincle pharmacologic agonist were used to study the Mincle signaling in intestine. Bone marrow-derived macrophages were collected from mice and used to further verify the effect of Mincle signaling in macrophages. RESULTS This study has shown that Mincle signaling was significantly elevated in active human CD and experimental colitis, and macrophages were the principal leukocyte subset that up-regulate Mincle signaling.p.com.BACKGROUND AND AIMS Manganese (Mn) deficiency in barley is a global problem. It is difficult to detect in the early stages of symptom development and is commonly pre-emptively corrected by Mn foliar sprays that can be costly. Landraces adapted to marginal lands around the world represent a genetic resource for potential sustainability traits including mineral use efficiency. This research aims to confirm novel Mn use efficiency traits from the Scottish landrace Bere and use an association mapping approach to identify genetic loci associated with the trait. METHODS A hydroponic system was developed to identify and characterise the Mn deficiency tolerance traits in a collection of landraces, including a large number of Scottish Bere barleys, a group of 6-rowed heritage landraces grown in the highlands and islands of Scotland. Measuring chlorophyll fluorescence, the effect of Mn deficiency was identified in the early stages of development. Genotypic data, generated using the 50k Illumina iSelect genotyping arrayals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) or Müllerian Inhibiting Substance (MIS) is a unique member of the Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFβ) family responsible for development and differentiation of the reproductive system. AMH signals through its own dedicated type II receptor, Anti-Müllerian Hormone Receptor Type II (AMHR2), providing an exclusive ligand-receptor pair within the broader TGFβ family. In this study, we used previous structural information to derive a model of AMH bound to AMHR2 to guide mutagenesis studies to identify receptor residues important for AMH signaling. Non-conserved mutations were introduced in AMHR2 and characterized in an AMH responsive cell-based luciferase assay and Native PAGE. Collectively, our results identified several residues important for AMH signaling within the putative ligand binding interface of AMHR2. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Dihydroartemisinin(DHA).html Our results show that AMH engages AMHR2 at a similar interface to how Activin and BMP class ligands bind the type II receptor, ACVR2B, however, there are significant molecular differences at the ligand interface of these two receptors, where ACVR2B is mostly hydrophobic and AMHR2 is predominately charged. Overall, this study shows that while the location of ligand binding on the receptor is similar to ACVR2A, ACVR2B, and BMPR2; AMHR2 uses unique ligand-receptor interactions to impart specificity for AMH. © Endocrine Society 2020.